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Class 10 · Chapter 12 · Solid Geometry Workshop

Surface Areas & Volumes

Nothing in the real world is a plain cone or a plain cylinder — it's a toy, a tent, a rocket, a bird-bath. Snap two basic solids together and see which surfaces vanish, and why volume never lies the same way area does.

The five building blocks

Every combination solid in this chapter is built from just five basic shapes. Move the shared dimensions below and watch every formula update at once — then scroll down to see what these blocks build in real life.

What they build

Tabs 02–04 explore these six real objects in detail.

Surface area of a combination

The golden rule: TSA of the combination = sum of only the surfaces you can actually touch from outside. Any flat face buried where two solids join drops out of the count.

TSA = CSA hemisphere + CSA cone
= 2πr² + πrl
Surface area = TSA cube − πr² + 2πr²
= 6·edge² + πr²
Surface area = CSA cylinder + 2 × CSA hemisphere
= 2πrh + 4πr²
TSA = CSA cylinder + CSA hemisphere
= 2πrh + 2πr² = 2πr(h+r)

Volume of a combination

Volume is more forgiving than area: volume of the combination = sum (or difference) of the volumes of its parts. Nothing "disappears" the way flat faces do for surface area.

Volume = L×B×H + ½πr²L
Actual capacity = πr²h − ⅔πr³
Toy = ⅔πr³ + ⅓πr²h  ·  Cylinder = πr²(h+r)

On the workshop floor

Three build sheets from the chapter — a two-tone rocket, a canvas tent, and an iron pole priced by weight.

The cone's base is wider than the cylinder's, so a small ring of the cone's base stays exposed and gets painted orange too.
Iron's density ≈ 8 g/cm³ (as used in the textbook).